The Holistic Approach to Behcet Disease

Abstract

Behcet disease (BD) is a complex, relapsing, multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and systemic involvement affecting the skin, joints, vascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. First described by Hulusi Behcet in 1937, BD presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its diverse clinical manifestations and unpredictable disease course. Although the pathogenesis remains unclear, genetic predisposition, particularly HLA-B51, alongside environmental triggers, is thought to play a role in disease onset. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving rheumatologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, and other specialists to address the multisystem nature of BD. Treatment strategies focus on managing acute inflammation, preventing relapses, and mitigating long-term complications. Common pharmacological interventions include corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and, in severe cases, biologics. Complementary therapies, mental health support, and lifestyle modifications also contribute to a holistic management plan, supporting patients’ physical and psychological well-being. This review emphasizes the importance of integrated, patient-centered care and highlights the need for continued research to improve diagnostic accuracy, understand disease mechanisms, and develop targeted therapies. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals living with BD.

Keywords: BD, Complementary and Integrative Therapies